S46-53_mahidol 26.pmd
نویسنده
چکیده
Objective: To assess the impact of excise tax increase on smoking behavior of daily smokers aged 15 years and over and to explore the association between smokers’ characteristics and smoking behavior prior and after excise tax increase Material and Method: This cross-sectional survey was performed in 504 daily smokers, who were selected from data records of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) between February and April, 2009. The data were collected by telephone interview in the first and second weeks of July, 2009. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution and binary logistic regression. Results: After the cigarette tax increase, 9.7% of daily smokers quitted smoking and 48.0% reduced the amount of cigarettes and/or changed the brands and types of tobacco, from manufactured cigarettes to handrolled cigarettes. After other covariance being adjusted, the analysis revealed that the amount of cigarettes per day, the types of cigarettes (manufactured and hand-rolled cigarettes), and the smokers’ reaction towards the increased price after the excise tax increase were respectively associated with the fact that the smokers quitted smoking or reduced the amount of cigarettes (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cigarette tax increase is beneficial for government revenue and it also affects smoking behavior change of daily smokers. However, Ministry of Public Health should co-operate with Ministry of Finance to raise the tax rate on both cigarettes and hand-rolled cigarettes continuously and provide sufficient cessation service to respond to the need to quit smoking.
منابع مشابه
Identification of the Catalytic Triad of Family S46 Exopeptidases, Closely Related to Clan PA Endopeptidases
The exopeptidases of family S46 are exceptional, as the closest homologs of these enzymes are the endopeptidases of clan PA. The three-dimensional structure of S46 enzymes is unknown and only one of the catalytic residues, the serine, has been identified. The catalytic histidine and aspartate residues are not experimentally identified. Here we present phylogenetic and experimental data that ide...
متن کاملGenome Sequence of Staphylococcus massiliensis Strain S46, Isolated from the Surface of Healthy Human Skin
Staphylococcus massiliensis strain S46 was isolated from the surface of healthy human skin. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of S. massiliensis S46 (2,447,110 bp, with a G+C content of 36.3%).
متن کاملar X iv : n uc l - ex / 0 20 50 17 v 1 2 5 M ay 2 00 2 Flow with PMD : Past and Future 1
Measurements of azimuthal distribution of inclusive photons using the fine granularity preshower photon multiplicity detector (PMD) at CERN SPS are used to obtain anisotropy in the azimuthal distributions. These results are used to estimate the anisotropy in the neutral pion distributions. The results are compared with results of charged particle data, both for first order and second order anis...
متن کاملHead and neck cancer specialist offers us wonderful support.
My husband Jerry was diagnosed with mouth cancer in January 2014 aged 45. A month later he went in for an operation and had a radical neck dissection. The floor of his mouth was replaced with skin from his forearm and part of his tongue was removed.
متن کامل